Hermione in A Winter´s Tale by Shakespeare Essay - 543 Words

Shakespeare’s play, A Winter’s Tale, has many magical and mystical elements throughout. A Winter’s Tale is true to form as one of Shakespeare’s romances. There are tragic scenes in the beginning with a romantic and joyful twist at the end. One such question raised in this play is whether Hermione, Queen of Sicily truly died and resurrected or was alive throughout the play. It is hard to take a position on either fronts of this question because Shakespeare uses many mystical elements that play into the very question itself. Hermione, wife of Leontes King of Sicily, is accused by her beloved husband of adultery at the beginning of the play. Leontes is distraught and will not listen to anyone about the innocence of his wife. He orders his†¦show more content†¦Paulina however has Leontes promise that he will not marry again. This scene gives clues that Hermione may not be dead, as Paulina gives the inclination that he should wait for the resurrection of his wife. As the scene follows in Paulina’s home, she reveals the statue created to depict an aged Hermione. There is great detail in the art which overwhelms Leontes, where Paulina offers to draw the curtain. Leontes rejects her offer and in that instance Paulina cues for dramatic music and the statue comes to life. The last scene can be interrupted in many different ways. It is true to form in Shakespeare’s plays that there is an element of magic and mystery. Paulina could be the magical witch in the play where she has the powers to resurrect Hermione from the dead. It does however seem more likely that Hermione was alive throughout the play. When Hermione was said to be dead of a broken heart, she did so off stage. There was only word that she was not dead, it was not seen. This could be interpreted that Hermione was sent into hiding. She could be in hiding for various reasons such as to teach her wrongfully accusing husband a lesson, or to wait for her reunion w ith her daughter. When Paulina asks for Leontes to promise that he will not marry again, she is almost setting up for Hermione’s return to the play. Although it is not to off to think that the resurrection of Hermione was a magical miracle, there is more evidence to show that she was truly aliveShow MoreRelatedThe Winter s Tale : A Patriarchal Theme And Stereotyped Gender Roles1599 Words   |  7 Pages In The Winter’s Tale there is a patriarchal theme and stereotyped gender roles. Most of these roles, being administered and centered around one character, Leontes, the king of Sicily. The basic ideas of a renaissance man were a big theme in the play. These ideas were that all women must sit quietly, respectfully, and be obedient then they’re terrible hags who must be punished. Leontes is a great example of this renaissance man mentality he gives light to that idea in the ways he treats all ofRead More The Dark Comic Vision of Shakespeares The Winters Tale Essay1752 Words   |  8 PagesThe Dark Comic Vision of The Winter’s Tale      Ã‚  Ã‚   Although Shakespeare’s plays are generally categorized according to their adherence to the formulaic definitions of histories, romances, comedies, or tragedies, there are several plays that complicate the task of fitting neatly into these groupings. Many literary critics, in fact, have singled out a handful of plays and labeled them ‘Problem Plays’ because they do not fall easily into any of the four categories, though they do loosely adhereRead MoreEssay on Power of Men in William Shakespeares The Winters Tale3919 Words   |  16 PagesPower of Men in William Shakespeares The Winters Tale It has been said that in The Winters Tale Shakespeare dramatises the contemporary struggle between masculine and feminine power. In light of this comment, examine the presentation of the relationships between men and women. Despite their many differences, contemporary society is now only beginning to realise their equal and respective roles in society. Since the beginning of time a contemporary struggle for equality has been presentRead MoreLady Macbeth By William Shakespeare1520 Words   |  7 Pages(Quote) In many of his plays, William Shakespeare portrays women as more virtuous than men. Lady Macbeth, strong ambitious women who’s confidence, faithful and capable of almost anything. For example, in endless love, we notice the endless love they both share for each other, where fate still brought them back together even after all the influences affecting jade’s life, the overpowering of her father.More similarly, in The Winter s Tale, we witness Hermione patiently enduring her miserable plightRead MoreLady Macbeth By William Shakespeare1299 Words   |  6 PagesShakespeare’s plays, he portrays women more honourable than men. Lady Macbeth is one of the main antagonist, she’s a strong ambitious women who’s strives with confidence and capable of almost anything. For example in the winter tale, the main antagonist Hermonie, we can interpret that Hermione patiently despairing the dilemma within the hands of the dominant Leontes. On the other hand we see that very few of Shakespeare’s villains are female. In most of Shakespeare’s written pieces, he seems to highly supportRead MoreHAMLET AND ORESTES10421 Words   |  42 Pages07 1 THE BRITISH ACADEMY THE ANNUAL SHAKESPEARE LECTURE 1914 Hamlet and Orestes A Study in Traditional Types By Gilbert Murray, LL.D., D.Litt. Regius Professor of Greek in the University of Oxford Fellow of the Academy New York Oxford University Press American Branch 35 West 32nd Street London : Humphrey Milford THE BRITISH ACADEMY THE ANNUAL SHAKESPEARE LECTURE 1914 Hamlet and Orestes A Study in Traditional Types By Gilbert MurrayRead MoreChildrens Literature13219 Words   |  53 PagesIntroduction 3 2. Early History 6 The Greek and Roman Eras: 50 B.C.-A.D. 500 6 The Middle Ages: 500-1500 6 The Renaissance: 1500-1650 7 The Rise of Puritanism and John Locke: Late 1600s 8 3. Beginning of Children’s Literature: Late 1700s 10 4. Fairy and Folk Tales 12 The Golden Age of Children’s Literature: Late 1800s 12 5. Victorian Childrens Literature 16 6. Contemporary Childrens Literature 18 6. Analysis of Harry Potters’ series 21 7. Conclusion 30 8. Summary 31 Children’s Literature Definitions 31 The

The Importance Of Eating Disorders A Mental Illness

When looking at Mental Illness and diagnoses, I think that much of the general public do not consider eating disorders a mental illness. People today see both Bulimia and Anorexia as physical conditions and choices. Being in the field and working closely with individuals with both diseases, I see first-hand that those diagnosed with the illnesses suffer just as greatly as anyone else with a mental illness. After watching â€Å"Dying to be Thin†, I am able to make several connections to not only my personal work and field experience, but also my own personal life. I currently am employed as a Crisis worker for Montgomery County of Pennsylvania. My job simply consists of engaging with individuals on a short-term basis and helping stabilize times of crisis and getting individuals connected to the proper services. I do not have any prior clinical experience working with individuals with eating disorders, but I was called to meet with a client of a base service unit who was concern ed that she may be decompensating. The client was diagnosed with Anorexia Nervosa and was currently self-harming. I arrived to meet with the client and she presented as very reserved and shy. When I asked about her life she seemed guarded and would not reveal much. As time went on, the client must have felt more comfortable and opened up to me. The client explained that she once was a ballerina and even showed me stage photos of performances. She explained that she developed Anorexia Nervosa while dancing.Show MoreRelatedPersonal Theory Of Psychopathology And Progression Of Pathology Essay1682 Words   |  7 Pagesof mental illness, mental distress or the manifestation of behaviors and experiences, which may be indicators to mental illness, or psychological impairment (Psychopathology, n.d.) 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Other approaches which propose causes of mental disorders as psychological areRead MoreThe Detrimental Effects of Anorexia on the Body and Mind 1103 Words   |  5 Pagespursue that ultra-thin physique at any cost.† Anorexia is the third most common chronic illness among young women. Furthermore, one in every ten people with anorexia will die from a complication brought on by the disorder. Although Anorexia is a mental illness, it is most common in teenage females because it is incited by the media through the fashion industry and pro-anorexia websites. 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Rhetorical Purpose: 2 â€Å"One reason it is so important to understand how the rhetoric of popular media coverage ofRead MoreDiagnostic And Statistical Manual Of Mental Disorders1631 Words   |  7 PagesIntroduction The fifth edition of the Diagnostic and statistical manual of mental disorders (2013) or DSM-5 outlines the four feeding and eating disorders as, Anorexia Nervosa, Bulimia Nervosa, Binge-Eating Disorder, and Other Specified Feeding and Eating Disorder (OSFED). These are complex and highly devastating disorders that cause health, emotional, and relationship problems (NEDA, 2016). These conditions should not be taken lightly due to their potential to cause long term emotional and physicalRead MoreEye Opener : The Mind And Body1480 Words   |  6 Pagesdevelop many different types of disorders. One type of disorder that is becoming very common in the everyday high school aged student are eating disorders. Even though some people believe it is normal to have an eating disorder, people should be aware of the different kind of eating disorders because it is easy to develop these kinds of illnesses and too many innocent teenagers are dying from these unhealthy life choices. There are diffe rent types of eating disorders but the most common are AnorexiaRead MoreIn The Last 100 Years There Were Major Challenges In The1688 Words   |  7 Pagesfield of mental health in regards to a lack of international consensus on diagnostic categories for mental disorders between the most used manuals the (ICD) international classification of diseases and (DSM) diagnostic and statistical manual of mental disorders which are still elusive until now and still struggle to fulfil its purpose (Hickie, Scott McGorry, 2013) as both of them depends on observation of mainly middle-aged people with persistent mental disorders although most mental illnessesRead MoreEye Opener : The Mind And Body1478 Words   |  6 Pagesdevelop many different types of disorders. One type of disorder that is becoming very common in the everyday high school aged student are eating disorders. Even though some people believe it is normal to have an eating disorder, people should be aware of the different kin d of eating disorders because it is easy to develop these kinds of illnesses and too many innocent teenagers are dying from these unhealthy life choices. There are different types of eating disorders but the most common are AnorexiaRead MoreThe Benefits of Healthy Eating1739 Words   |  7 PagesThe Benefits of Healthy Eating Marquita Williams Axia College of University of Phoenix Does an apple a day really keep the Doctor away? Although an apple a day is not nearly enough to keep the doctor away, it would be a good start on the road to a healthier life. Healthful eating is important and will change the lives of families in a positive way. Healthful eating will dramatically lower the risk of diseases associated unhealthy eating, create more time for familyRead MoreThe National Eating Disorders Association1186 Words   |  5 PagesEating disorders are very much a real, life-threatening illness. According to the National Eating Disorders Association, there is a common misconception that these types of illnesses are just phases and that they don’t take a significant toll on the person’s emotional and physical health. Their research also shows that 20 million women and 10 million men in the US will have a significant eating disorder at some point in their lifetime. Those are just the cases that get reported. You may be wondering

Strategic Information Systems Public Transport Industry

Question: Discuss about the Strategic Information Systems Public Transport Industry. Answer: Introduction It has become very necessary to make use of automated information systems in the field of public transport to offer better services to the commuters. There are thousands and millions of people that make use of public transports on a daily basis. It is not feasible to manage these commuters and offer best services through manual operations. It is therefore required to make use of automation in the systems that are used to control and manage these transport systems. Business Processes There are various business processes that are carried out in association with the public transport system. Fare collection processes in which the commuters are issued the tickets as per their destination and the mode of transport. There are usually two types of customers that are present as: Regular or frequent customers that commute on a frequent basis In-frequent commuters that make use of the transport system once in a while Route estimation for the vehicle to make sure that the quickest and shortest path is covered in the journey Information storage and handling to store the information associated with the passengers Applications associated with security and surveillance to keep a track of all the vehicles and modes of transport that are being used simultaneously (Polzin, 2016) Business Requirements There are several requirements in association with the public transport. With the increase in the population and the increase in the number of vehicles on road, there are often situations of congestion that have been observed. Also, in case of air or rail transport system, there are often scenarios wherein the passengers fail to book their tickets online on the referred date of journey due to unavailability of the space. It is necessary for the public transport systems to manage the traffic to make sure that the real-time information is made available to the customers and there is no congestion or situation of unavailability (Mala and Leela, 2014). System Requirements The system that is required to be developed for the management of public transport shall fulfill the following set of requirements: The system reviewers and analysts shall have the ability to locate a particular vehicle automatically with the aid of GPS Radio and cellular communication systems and technologies shall be integrated to ensure that proper and adequate communication is maintained The information of the passengers shall be available on a real-time basis and shall be stored in the database for future use There shall be automated counters set up for the passengers to obtain tickets and passes for the journey (Litman, 2017) Security tools and surveillance equipment along with its monitoring shall be done to ensure that there are no loopholes in the security The information regarding the best route to follow shall be displayed to avoid the situation of congestion and jams The passengers shall be made aware of the next stop through the announcement system There shall also be the following non-functional system requirements that shall be present in the system. It will be required for the system to showcase enhanced performance to make sure that the end users do not have to compromise on the response time at any point of time and there is also minimum throughput time involved (Trommer, 2017) Reliability of the automated system will also be extremely essential and a required aspect as it will be necessary to make sure that there is always valid information reflected by the system for the end users It will be required for the system to showcase enhanced usability to make sure that the end users do not have to compromise on the functional aspects that are included and all of their expectations are met Scalability of the automated system will also be extremely essential and a required aspect as it will be necessary to make sure that any of the changes can be incorporated easily without much of re-work It will be required for the system to showcase enhanced availability to make sure that the end users do not have to compromise on the access time for the system. It shall be available for access at all times Maintainability of the automated system will also be extremely essential and a required aspect as it will be necessary to make sure that all the upgrades can be made with much ease. Software and Vendor Selection The system that will be installed for the management of public transport will be required to reflect high availability along with required functional and non-functional aspects. Following are the key factors that will be required to be considered while selecting the vendor and the software package. There shall be multiple levels of software support along with enhanced maintenance that shall be promised The parties shall sign a Service Level Agreement (SLA) that shall include the escalation procedures along with all the terms that are agreed upon Upgrade paths along with the information on the upgrade schedule shall also be included Testing types and mechanisms that will be covered shall also be explained It is necessary that the expectations along with the requirements of the organization are met and the selection shall be done in such a manner that the needs are fulfilled There shall also be an study that shall be carried out on the future trends in the field of public transport and the flexibility and scalability associated with the selection of the software that is made Methods of Utilization of Technology: Custom Developed Software Public transport services and providers can made use of the technology in terms of the custom developed software to implement the functional and non-functional aspects in their architecture. It is the software in which there are features and functionalities present according to the customer expectations along with specifications that are listed out by the customer. There are various modes of public transport along with several agencies and providers that provide them to the people. There may be certain requirements that may apply to one of the providers which may not be any use to the other. For example, the requirements of a public transport agency that provides road transport and the one that deals in to the rail transport will be different from each other. The costs may however rise up in this case. Package Purchasing The second option which may be used for the deployment of the automated systems in the architecture of public transport system is packaged purchasing. These are the software packages that are readymade and can be deployed with immediate effect. Because of the nature of these packages, the cost that is associated with them is usually low. There is also a lot of information that is already available regarding these packages in terms of their performance and the level of customer satisfaction associated with these. A market study can easily highlight all of these details and the selection process becomes easier. There is also an ease of training and documentation that comes along with these. However, they score less on the mapping of the business specifications with the requirements that are targeted by the package. Outsourcing Outsourcing is one of the most commonly used methods and can be used by the public transport providers and agencies as well. A third party is involved in this case which is responsible for carrying out all of the tasks that are related with design along with deployment of the information systems. It will therefore be certain that the amount and level of management and monitoring that will be involved in this case will be low. There may however be increased time that may be required to obtain and implement these packages. Level of Efficiency The efficiency of the technical implementation of the automated systems in public transports is based upon various success factors. It will be required to analyze the actual budget with the estimated budget and the same will go in case of the schedule as well. Level of efficiency will be calculated in terms of the higher value of the match between the two. Manual processes will be cut down with the implementation of automated systems and this percentage will be significant to understand the efficiency levels It will be required to make sure that the employees are satisfied which will be highlighted with the aid of their satisfactions levels It will be required to make sure that the customers are satisfied which will be highlighted with the aid of their satisfactions levels Potential Security Risks and Data Breaches: Confidentiality Attacks The automated system that will be designed for public transport will be composed of numerous entities that will be inter-linked and inter-dependent upon each other. There may be case of eavesdropping that may occur because of the presence of such huge number of entities (Lu, 2014). The attackers may take advantage of the presence of several entities and may therefore find it easy to track the activities that take place in terms of movement of the passengers or the allotment of tickets and likewise (Mahmoud, 2015). There will be various technologies, processes and concepts that will be used in the automated systems that will be designed for public transport and data mining will be one such technology. There may be confidentiality risks and threats that may emerge because of the same (Microsoft, 2016). The information sets and the containers may be modified and changed during their transition from one source to the destination. There may also be reconstruction of the contents that may be done (Jing, 2014). Integrity Attacks Public transport systems will be composed of a lot of information and it will be necessary to make sure that the integrity of the information is not altered or impacted at any time. Integrity will be restored and maintained only when there will be no change or modification done to the information contents without adequate permissions. There may however be cases of message alteration that may be reported in which the attacker may modify the message contents or the structure without authentication and authorization to do so (Bhabad, 2015). Public transport systems will be composed of a lot of information and it will be necessary to make sure that the integrity of the information is not altered or impacted at any time. Integrity will be restored and maintained only when there will be no change or modification done to the information contents without adequate permissions. There may however be cases of media alteration that may be reported in which the attacker may modify the media contents or the structure without authentication and authorization to do so (Nichols, 2016). Availability Attacks Availability of the information is one of the prime necessities and requirements of the clients that is required to be maintained and offered. There may however be execution of various attacks that may impact the information availability. One of such attacks may be flooding attacks in which the automated system for public transport may be loaded with a lot of unwanted and garbage information that may bring down the service continuity and impact its availability (Panetta, 2016). There may also be various attacks on the quality of the information that may be given shape by the attackers which will eventually impact the availability. Guidelines on Mitigation of the Risks There are several automated tools that have been developed in response to the attacks on the availability of the information and the system. Some of these tools include anti-denial and flood-detection tools that may control and prevent the attacks from taking place. It is necessary to upgrade the first step to security which can be done only by enhancing the measures that are taken to ensure that there is proper authentication and access control implemented (Aws, 2016). In the public transport systems that will be developed as per the latest technology, there will be prime use of the networks and the networking protocols. There are a majority of information security risks and breaches that are based on networks as the threat agents. It shall be made sure that steps such as network monitoring and analysis are carried out. Cryptography and encryption is an important activity that is required to be incorporated in the public transport systems to make sure that the passenger information remains safe even if the attacker succeeds in stealing it (Wood, 2016). Many tools are available in the market that has the ability to detect and prevent the intruders in an automated manner. There are various attacks that are created by the attackers that are only based upon the specific version of the system. Such forms of attacks can be easily avoided with the aid of maintenance and regular upgrades (Amato, 2016). Conclusion Automation is the prime necessity of the modern day systems to make sure that the business processes and business requirements are met. There are several industries that have shifted and are making a move towards the automated information systems and once such applicant is public transport and related systems. There are a lot many business activities and operations that are handled and operated by the public transport systems on a daily basis. Manual processes cannot be applied any longer to handle these activities and operations. These can only be handled with the aid of automated and technically advanced systems that are specifically designed according to the needs and requirements. These packages and software can be availed with the use of several options such as customer software packages, packaged purchasing or using the option of outsourcing. There are several advantages that are offered by these automated systems in terms of the reliability, performance and agility. However, t here are certain risks and threats that are associated with the information that is contained in these information systems. These risks are primarily categorized in three broad categories as confidentiality risks, integrity risks and availability risks. There are mechanisms and measures that have also been developed to deal with these risks and attacks. These mechanisms shall be incorporated and it shall be made sure that the information is always kept protected. References Amato, N. (2016). The hidden costs of a data breach.. [online] Available at: https://www.journalofaccountancy.com/news/2016/jul/hidden-costs-of-data-breach-201614870.html [Accessed 12 May 2017]. Aws (2016). Overview of Security Processes. [online] Available at: https://d0.awsstatic.com/whitepapers/aws-security-whitepaper.pdf [Accessed 12 May 2017]. Bhabad, M. (2015). Internet of Things: Architecture, Security Issues and Countermeasures.. [online] Available at: https://www.ijcaonline.org/research/volume125/number14/bhabad-2015-ijca-906251.pdf [Accessed 12 May 2017]. Jing, Q. (2014). Security of the Internet of Things: perspectives and challenges. [online] Available at: https://csi.dgist.ac.kr/uploads/Seminar/1407_IoT_SSH.pdf [Accessed 12 May 2017]. Litman, T. (2017). Autonomous Vehicle Implementation Predictions Implications for Transport Planning. [online] Available at: https://www.vtpi.org/avip.pdf [Accessed 12 May 2017]. Lu, C. (2014). Overview of Security and Privacy Issues in the Internet of Things. [online] Available at: https://www.cse.wustl.edu/~jain/cse574-14/ftp/security.pdf [Accessed 12 May 2017]. Mahmoud, R. (2015). Internet of things (IoT) security: Current status, challenges and prospective measures - IEEE Xplore Document. [online] Ieeexplore.ieee.org. Available at: https://ieeexplore.ieee.org/document/7412116/ [Accessed 12 May 2017]. Mala, S. and Leela, N. (2014). Automated Fare Collection System for Public Transport Using GPS. [online] Available at: https://www.ijirset.com/upload/2014/icets/116_EC315.pdf [Accessed 12 May 2017]. Microsoft (2016). Core Infrastructure Optimization: IT Security Processes - Best Practices for Business IT. [online] Available at: https://www.microsoft.com/india/infrastructure/capabilities/itprocesses.mspx [Accessed 12 May 2017]. Nichols, A. (2016). Perspective Threats Risk Analysis Process. [online] Sans.org. Available at: https://www.sans.org/reading-room/whitepapers/auditing/perspective-threats-risk-analysis-process-63 [Accessed 12 May 2017]. Panetta, K. (2016). Gartner's Top 10 Security Predictions 2016 - Smarter With Gartner. [online] Smarter With Gartner. Available at: https://www.gartner.com/smarterwithgartner/top-10-security-predictions-2016/ [Accessed 12 May 2017]. Polzin, S. (2016). Implications to Public Transportation of Emerging Technologies. [online] Available at: https://www.nctr.usf.edu/wp-content/uploads/2016/11/Implications-for-Public-Transit-of-Emerging-Technologies-11-1-16.pdf [Accessed 12 May 2017]. Trommer, S. (2017). Autonomous Driving: The Impact of Vehicle Automation on Mobility Behaviour. [online] Available at: https://www.ifmo.de/tl_files/publications_content/2016/ifmo_2016_Autonomous_Driving_2035_en.pdf [Accessed 12 May 2017]. Wood, P. (2016). Social hacking: The easy way to breach network security. [online] ComputerWeekly. Available at: https://www.computerweekly.com/tip/Social-hacking-The-easy-way-to-breach-network-security [Accessed 12 May 2017].

Picture essay on poverty in Africa

Advertising We will write a custom essay sample on Picture essay on poverty in Africa specifically for you for only $16.05 $11/page Learn More Pictures have long been used to convey different messages throughout history. They have been used for cultural, political and other events in the society to put emphasis or communicate more directly to the audience. This paper seeks to use a series of pictures representing poverty in Africa to identify how pictorial representation describes the intended event, crisis or situation; they knowledge they create and whether they produce any differing views in the reader/viewer. The series of pictures shown above highlights the issue of poverty in Africa. These pictures have been published online to show the world the gravity of the poverty situation in the African continent. Indeed the pictures communicate a lot and can evoke an emotional feeling to anyone who sees them. The pictures represent the suffering of majori ty of the African people as a result of many historical injustices and political conflicts. The website that shows this picture does not offer much description, it only mentions that poverty is in the eye of the beholder. The pictures shown above are very graphic and will give authentication to any story describe the problem of poverty in the African society. Poverty leads to starvation which is the worst form of malnutrition resulting into emaciation. The children shown in the above pictures are extremely emaciated. This implies that they have gone for days without food due to lack of means of getting food. These pictures highlight the issue of poverty because it’s clear that the children shown have no access to any basic need but they do not offer more details of what may be the cause of the poverty portrayed. It’s important to note that the causes of poverty are widespread. People can become poor due to ignorance, extreme whether conditions that result into draught, wars and conflicts, poor governance and exploitation. The above pictures do not offer much evidence as to what might be the real cause of poverty. However, the crowding might indicate that these are refugees fleeing from a conflict zone or trapped in remote place with no food water and other basic needs.Advertising Looking for essay on ethnicity studies? Let's see if we can help you! Get your first paper with 15% OFF Learn More This do not come as a shock to fellow Africans or even people from other societies. The entire world knows that poverty as a disease affects Africa many times more than other regions of the world. African countries always come at the bottom of any indices that measure quality of life. The pictures only confirm what is already known the world over. The world also knows that Africans are responsible for their own poverty. The above pictures may get people talking about how African governments are not doing much for their people. But it’s n ot the failure of African governments that precipitates these extreme cases of starvation. The African problem is much bigger than just governance. Indeed corruption and other vices seen in most African governments are things that should not be encouraged at any time. However, it should be appreciated that there are other causes of poverty that are much bigger and difficult to tackle. The biggest of them all is the issue of land. Sub Saharan Africa has enough arable land that can feed many more people however. However, land has been a thorn in the flesh since the scramble and partition of Africa and the subsequent colonial rule. Many African communities were pushed away from arable land to pave way for large scale farming by colonial governments. At the time of independence the lands were shared among few privileged Africans or retained by white settlers who wished to remain. This led to millions of people becoming landless or squatters. Most of these large tracts of land are curren tly held as ranches or horticultural farms that grow crops for export. The other portions are largely underdeveloped but owned by influential Africans or settlers who have several other means of generating their income. Majority of the population are trapped in endless conflicts. Others fighting to retain their communal land and others fighting as squatters who were brought there during the colonial period. There are several guerilla wars that are sponsored by foreign governments competing for African resources. This guerilla wars that are disguised as liberations movements displace millions of people leaving them vulnerable to poverty.Advertising We will write a custom essay sample on Picture essay on poverty in Africa specifically for you for only $16.05 $11/page Learn More African governments are in most cases poor and cannot contain the guerilla conflicts because they are sponsored by rich foreign governments with interests in African resources. The re are also several other African problems that precipitate the above poverty conditions. The refusal to change from the traditional ways of farming makes the population to be vulnerable to the effects of drought. Poor land legislations and high illiteracy levels are other issues that contribute to this kin of situation. It’s therefore important for any viewer or reader to identify the other aspects that may be creating the situation depicted in the pictures rather just to simply blame Africans for their problems. This essay on Picture essay on poverty in Africa was written and submitted by user Annika Garcia to help you with your own studies. You are free to use it for research and reference purposes in order to write your own paper; however, you must cite it accordingly. You can donate your paper here.

Facts on the Vietnam War

Facts on the Vietnam War The Vietnam War began on November 1, 1955, and ended April 30, 1975. It lasted for 19 and 1/2 years.  Although the bulk of the fighting took place in Vietnam, the war also spilled over into neighboring Laos and Cambodia in the early 1970s. Communist North Vietnamese forces, led by Ho Chi Minh, were allied with the Viet Cong in South Vietnam, the Peoples Republic of China, and the Soviet Union. They faced an anti-communist coalition made up of the Republic of Vietnam (South Vietnam), the United States, South Korea, Australia, New Zealand, Thailand and Laos. Troops Deployed and Outcomes North Vietnam and its allies deployed approximately  500,000 troops South Vietnam and its allies deployed 1,830,000 (peak in 1968). The North Vietnamese army and their Viet Cong allies won the war. The United States and other foreign nations withdrew their troops by March 1973. The South Vietnamese capital of Saigon fell to the communist forces on April 30, 1975. Estimated Total Deaths: South Vietnam - approximately 300,000 soldiers dead, up to 3,000,000 civilians North Vietnam Viet Cong - approximately 1,100,000 soldiers dead, up to 2,000,000 civilians Cambodia - 200,000 or more civilians dead United States - 58,220 dead Laos - approximately 30,000 dead South Korea - 5,099 dead Peoples Republic of China - 1,446 dead Thailand - 1,351 dead Australia - 521 dead New Zealand - 37 dead Soviet Union - 16 dead. Major Events and Turning Points: Gulf of Tonkin Incident, August 2 and 4, 1964. My Lai Massacre, March 16, 1968. Tet Offensive, January 30, 1968. Large Anti-war Protests Begin in US, October 15, 1969. Kent State Shootings, May 4, 1970. Fall of Saigon, April 30, 1975.

Fluorine essays

Fluorine essays Fluorine is in many of the items we use everyday, such as water, toothpaste, and air conditioners. The name fluorine came from the Latin word fluo, which means, flowing. Fluorine is the 13th or 14th most abundant element on earth. It is classified as a halogen on the periodic chart of elements; it has the chemical symbol of F. Its a greenish-yellow gas, found in the mineral fluorite and the gas reacts with almost all organic and non-organic objects on earth, this classifies it as the most reactive non-metallic element on earth. Fluorine, is the most powerful oxidizer known on earth, and at the same atmospheric temperature, is about 1.3 times as heavy as air. Fluorine has nine protons and ten neutrons in the nucleus and nine electrons dispersed in two electron clouds. On the periodic table, its atomic number is nine. It is located in the second row, in the 17th group, the halogen family. The word halogen means, salt former and so consequently, all compounds containing halogens are considered salts. Halogens, at room temperature, appear in three states of matter. Iodine and astatine appear as solids, fluorine and chlorine appear as gases, and bromine appears as a liquid. All of the halogens have 7 electrons in there outer shell, giving them an oxidation number of negative one. Fluorine has a very pungent odor. It may explode on contact with water, and may release toxic, corrosive, explosive, and/or flammable gases. Fluorine can also react, when exposed to heat. It is harmful, and may, if inhaled it is potentially fatal. This strong oxidizer element can cause skin irritation, eye irritation that is potentially severe, and potentially severe respiratory irritation. Inhaling fluorine even for a short time can cause chest pain. It can cause kidney and liver damage; severe if exposed for long enough. Fluorine, when inhaled can cause death, and can even color your skin blue. E ...

Should juvenile offenders be tried and punished as adults Annotated Bibliography

Should juvenile offenders be tried and punished as adults - Annotated Bibliography Example The practice of trying and punishing juvenile offenders as adults is not consistent throughout all criminal justice systems as some systems still believe that juveniles should be tried in the juvenile courts no matter how grievous the crime might be. The perception in some justice systems is that trying children in adult courts would have an adverse effect on the children as they could likely have some sort of psychological problems. This paper would try to establish whether or not juvenile offenders should be tried and punished as adults. People that would likely benefit from this paper are lawyers, prospective lawyers (law students) and the public at large. It should also be pertinent to note that people that are interested in the case of juvenile delinquency would also gain a lot from the details of this paper and the research work. This study would try to accomplish the fact that a child is considered an adult for the purposes of administering justice when the crime committed is not a case of juvenile delinquency, but a very serious criminal act and this underlines the importance of the study as it would be helpful for cases of juvenile delinquencies. Books, internet sources and other relevant sources would be used for this work. Some of the questions that would form the basis of this paper are: Why are some children considered adults for the purpose of administering justice and are transferred to adult courts? What kind of crime would a child commit for the offence to be qualified as an adult crime?

Geologic Volcano Tour Research Paper Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1250 words

Geologic Volcano Tour - Research Paper Example In addition, there are ice caves formed from the lava tubes. The eruption type occurring in Bandera is the passive kind that produces lava flows, cinder cones and small cones. The term Hawaiian eruption is used for this eruption, as it is similar to the one that formed the Hawaiian Islands and continues to form them. Moreover, the rocks formed are called basalts and are usually black in color. In the eruptions, highly explosive eruptions fragment the magma into small cinders that result in cinder cones and gas-rich alkalic basalts make foamy lava shoot very high in the air and cool as they fall, piling up to create cones of loose particles. It is after this that craters are formed from alkali basalt resulting in the Bandera crater, therefore, the volcano is currently dormant albeit with mild signs of life considering its young age. Tectonically, the Bandera Volcanic field is located along the Jemez Lineament, an area known for crustal weakness, moreover, the zone is characterized by a concentration of late-Cenozoic volcanism. The Bandera volcanic field is also located at a transition zone between the Colorado plateau with a thick crust of over 40km (New Mexico Bureau of Geology and Mineral Resources, 2012). In addition, the crust of the area experiences stretching from regional tectonic forces. It is from this stretching that that produces areas of weakness in the brittle little crust allowing magma to force its way upwards and onto the surface. It is on the same Jemez lineament that forms the intersection between the Rio Grande rift and the Jemez Lineament, creating more lines of weakness for volcanic activity to take place. The rift of weakness, Rio Grande rift runs from the North to the South and serves as a means of accommodating East-West stretching of the crust. It is because of this that the entire area is covered with volcanic activity like the Zuni-Bandera crater and Mount Taylor (New Mexico Earth Matters, 2006). Economically, the volcanic site is know n for tourism activities. This is due to geological areas of interest such as the ice caves and the Bandera volcano. The area is open for all to see and visit with the areas labeled as unique and historic landmarks. It spots hiking trails that tourist can climb for a fee around the mountain to the ice caves and the mountain (Icecaves.com, n.d). Other than this, there are not other economic resources or activities suitable in the area for commercial or personal purposes. As for hazards associated with the volcano, there are few signs of a likelihood of an eruption, which makes it a relatively safe area in which to be. This is because despite its youth, there have not been any eruptions in over a thousand years. Groundwater The Antlers sandstone occurs in the in a 4400 square mile area of southeastern Oklahoma and runs parallel to the red river (Morton, 1992). The sandstone comprising the Antlers aquifer is only exposed in the northern side where groundwater runs unconfined (Hart & Da vis, 1981). The sandstone is made up of sand, clay, conglomerate and limestone deposited on Paleozoic rocks. The Antlers sandstone and cretaceous rocks underlie the Gulf Coast Plain Physiographic Province in an area that is mostly plain and is drained by the Red River and some of its major tributaries. The sediments mentioned from the Antlers Sandstone are representative materials that originate from the shoreline sea that

Ethnographic Report Essay Example for Free

Ethnographic Report Essay In order to make an ethnographic report, I visited a shop of Toys â€Å"R† Us in my native city in California. It was located in a big new shopping center in the main street of the city. It was not a very big toy shop, but there was quite a good variety of different toys, and also there was a small section of the goods for babies Kids â€Å"R† Us. That day it was really very crowded there, because it was Saturday afternoon and many parents could take their children out for shopping. Besides, as this mall was a brand new one in the city, there were dozens and dozens of new interested customers, arriving all the time.   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚     First of all, I paid attention on numerous young couples and teenagers, who came there definitely without intentions to buy something, but rather to do window shopping. This could happen because the shop was, again, a brand-new place. Of course, there were many children there, who came mostly with their mothers or elder siblings. There were a lot of young women in the section of Kids â€Å"R† Us, who were interested in clothes, footwear or toys for little babies. Therefore, I could notice almost total absence of mid-aged men in the shop.   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   It was not easy to estimate correctly, whether those children were mostly boys or girls. Probably, the amount of male and female children in the shop was approximately equal. Boys were very energetic. They enjoyed mostly action toys, plastic guns, remote controlled cars and basketball sets. Some of them insisted on buying different toys from Spiderman and Hulk series, some chose Spiderman comics, and two of little boys became happy owners of Lego sets. Also, miraculous but rather expensive multifunctional Robosapien Robot was an extreme attraction for all the male part of the visitors. Certainly, little girls were very greatly interested in Barbie-dolls and their all possible accessories. Many girls were asking their mums to buy special sets of toy cosmetics and little dresses for their Barbie dolls. Some girls decided to buy new back-bags, stationary or other accessories for school, and one girl asked her mother to buy a big set for arts and crafts. Some little girls preferred to buy little plastic toys, like My Little Pony with a long tail and mane to be brushed by a little brush, included to the set. Extreme crowd of children of both genders could be observed in the section of stuffed animals, where lots of beautiful dogs, cats, horses, tigers or teddy bears, small and big in size, were waiting for their owners. There were many adults in this section also. Three-four of young men bought some cute teddy bears for their girl-friends, and one couple bought a huge stuffed dog. Teenagers and young people were more concentrated on electronic games, PC games, table games, and especially puzzles: I guess, more than a dozen of different puzzles was bought that day. Also, any little child could receive a huge colored balloon from the consultants of the shop in the exit: that used to make many little customers of Toys â€Å"R† US go almost ecstatic.   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   During my visit I could observe overwhelming majority of White Americans among the customers of the shop, but there was a family of Blacks: parents and their two little daughters, who were not in hurry and slowly walked, watching around with great interest. Black girls were very silent; they enjoyed plastic sets for playing on the sand, and then they chose a little doll of black color, which late on was bought by their parents for their pleasure. Besides, there were some children of Latin origin, who seemed to be there without parents, so they were extremely noisy and active. They were running around and trying many different toys without special preferences: balls, guns, cars, etc. But in the end they did not buy anything proper, but some sets of plastic water guns and a cheap rubber ball. Generally, I would classify social status of all the visitors like low and mid class. I think, about 70% of all the buys were made by adults, mostly mothers or elder brothers, but there were children, who had some own money and could get something they want for themselves. But, certainly, serious expensive toys could be bought only by adults. To my mind, the most popular toys are action figures and accessories for Barbie. Visiting a toy shop is always pleasure for anybody. Shops of Toys â€Å"R† Us are really very beautiful, very optimistic places, where everybody seems to become very happy and joyful. It is so great to have such wonderful places all around the country, where every day thousands of smiles and good emotions are brought to so many people! Bibliography:  ·Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   Toys â€Å"R† Us. Wikipedia. The Free Encyclopedia Online. 4 Oct. 2005. 6 Oct. 2005 http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Toys_R_Us.

Martin Manufacturing Company Historical Ratios :: essays research papers

Martin Manufacturing Company Historical Ratios RATIOS  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  ACTUAL 2001  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  ACTUAL 2002  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  ACTUAL 2003  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  INCREASE (DECREASE)  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  INDUSTRY AVERAGE   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   Current ratio  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  1.7  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  1.8  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  2.5  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  0.7  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  1.5 Quick Ratio  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  1.0  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  0.9  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  1.3  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  0.4  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  1.2 Inventory turnover (times)  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  5.2  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  5.0  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  5.3  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  0.3  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  10.2 Average collection period (days)  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  50.0  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  55.0  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  58.0  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  3.0  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  46.0 Total asset turnover (times)  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  1.5  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  1.5  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  1.6  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  0.1  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  2.0 Debt Ratio (%)  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  45.8  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  54.3  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  57.0  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  2.7  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  24.5 Times interest earned ratio  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  2.2  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  1.9  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  1.6  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  (0.3)  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  2.5 Gross profit margin (%)  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  27.5  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  28.0  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  27.0  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  (1.0)  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  26.0 Net profit margin (%)  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  1.1  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  1.0  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  0.7  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  (0.4)  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  1.2 Return on total assets (ROA %)  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  1.7  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  1.5  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  1.1  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  (0.4)  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  2.4 Return on common equity (ROE %)  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  3.1  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  3.3  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  2.5  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  (0.8)  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  3.2 Price / earning (P/E) ratio  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  33.5  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  38.7  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  34.5  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  (4.2)  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  43.4 Market/ book (M/B) ratio  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  1.0  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  1.1  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  0.9  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  (0.2)  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  1.2 Analysis Liquidity: The current ratio and quick ratios for the year 2003 are at 2.5 and 1.3, which are both higher than the industry average. The company has enough to cover short term bills and expenses. Both the current and quick ratios are showing an upward trend compared to 2001 and 2002. The current assets decreased by $ 20,264 to $ 1,531,181 and the current liabilities also decreased considerably by $255,402 to $616,000, a 29.3% decline, thus making the current ratio jump to a 2.5. The biggest decline was seen is accounts payable which decreased by $170,500 to $230,000, a decline of 42.6 %. Activity:   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  The inventory turnover is almost half compared to the industry average, although it managed to increase by 0.3 compared to 2002. The company needs to maintain a constant cost of goods sold and at the same time manage inventory more efficiently to maintain market competitiveness. The average collection period also increased slightly to 58 days, three days increase compared to 2002. The company needs to negotiate or persuade on efficient payment methods to customers to decrease the collection period down to industry average. The total asset turnover increased 0.1 to 1.6 but still failing to meet the industry standard of 2.0. Martin Manufacturing needs to boost sales while maintaining a constant asset value to meet or exceed industry standards. Debt:   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  The debt ratios increased by 2.7% to 57% more than double the industry standard of 24.5%. The long term debt increased from $700,000 to $ 1,165,250 an increment of 66.5% in the year 2002. The company is currently highly leveraged thus it needs to work on reducing long term debts and continue to increase assets. The times interest earned ratio dropped by 0.3 to 1.6 in the year 2003. The company could face difficulties making interest payments in case of a sales slump. Profitability: The gross profit margin is at 27% which is a percent higher than industry standards. The company is performing good and meeting industry standards in terms of cost of goods sold and sales volume. The net income margin decreased to 0.7% in 2003 a decrease of 0.3% compared to 2002.

Characterization: Curley’s Wife in Of Mice And Men Essay

With colorful statements like â€Å"She had full, rouged lips and wide-spaced eyes, heavily made up. Her fingernails were red. Her hair hung in little rolled clusters, like sausages. She wore a cotton dress and red mules, on the insteps of which were little bouquets of red ostrich feathers† (John Steinbeck, 31), Curley’s wife is one of the more vividly portrayed characters in Of Mice and Men. Although Steinbeck leaves almost nothing to the imagination about this woman, he chooses to consistently refer to her as ‘Curley’s Wife’ rather than giving her a name or a nickname like he has done with most of the other characters. Through indirect and direct characterization the reader discovers that this woman was not simply a ticket to trouble like the workers on her father-in-law’s ranch believed, but a girl stuck in a life where she didn’t belong. Curley’s wife, who was incredibly lonely, was always ‘heavily made up’ even when she lived on the ranch where George and Lennie worked. Although generally she was thought of as a floozy, her talk with Lennie revealed that she was used to the high life. When her parents forbade her to go into the acting business, as she so wished, she married Curley, the first man who offered her something other than stardom, in order to get away from her overbearing family (Steinbeck, 88). Although because of this decision she was forced to spend her life on a ranch full of underclass workers, she still liked to make herself up to constantly remind herself that she had had the potential to be something better. To her, dressing up and flaunting her stuff was a symbol of status, something to set her apart from the rest of the lower class, which, even today, is not much different. Fashion magazines, television, and the general media still lead the public to believe that style directly connects to the amount of wealth or power someone has. When fashion trends change by the minute, it is generally thought that everything from wealth to sophistication is shown when someone is able to keep up with them (Appendix A). Curley’s wife considered always looking presentable as a constant reminder that she had once been considered good enough to go into the movie business and could have been something much better than the boss’s son’s wife. Another reason Curley’s wife was constantly made up and wondering around the ranch was that she was lonely. With Curley always gone and having nothing in common with her, she had no one to keep her company and was forced to look for attention among the workers, who had long since learned to keep away from the boss’s daughter-in-law. â€Å"‘Funny thing,’ she said. ‘If I catch any one man, and he’s alone, I get along fine with him. But just let two of the guys get together an’ you won’t talk. Jus’ nothing but mad'† (Steinbeck, 77). Although Curley was very over-protective of his wife, he didn’t tend to her needs so she moseyed around looking for something to do or someone to talk to during the day. And even though all she wanted was the attention Curley didn’t give her, the men in the ranch knew that talking to her would only lead to trouble. â€Å"Well, I aint giving you no trouble. Think I don’t like to talk to somebody ever’ once in a while? Think I like to stick around the house alla time?'† Curley’s wife had all the spare time in the world, and spends it making herself look as good as she can (Appendix B) and flaunts her body to anyone who will look. She desperately seeks attention and acknowledgment that she’s still got the looks that attracted all sorts of men to her before. Steinbeck chose not to give Curley’s wife a real name because she was never able to make a name for herself; she was forced into a life where she was confined and unable to pursue her real dreams. She obviously wasn’t happy with her life living inside Curley’s ranch; she wasn’t meant to be the typical woman of that time who stays at home doing the cooking and cleaning for her husband. â€Å"†¦Ã¢â‚¬â„¢Well, a show came through, an’ I met one of the actors. He says I could go with that show. But my ol’ lady wouldn’ let me. She says because I was on’y fifteen'†(Steinbeck, 88). Curley’s wife desperately tries to show Lennie that she was better than this ranch; that she wasn’t common like the rest of the people there and that it was by fault that she was living where she was now. She needed to leave that ranch and pursue her dreams now that she was old enough to make her own decisions. She needed a ticket out of that city so she could go to Hollywood and make a name for herself (Appendix C). Although Curly’s wife’s character was portrayed completely by John Steinbeck, she was never given a full name because her character isn’t full. She was missing something; she wasn’t in her rightful place. Curley’s wife wasn’t meant to live her life on the ranch, and her character wasn’t completed because of it. Steinbeck showed this the only tangible way he could, with the lack of a name for her. She wasn’t like the rest of the people on the ranch, with a name or nickname; she was referred to as ‘Curley’s Wife’. She stood out by the fact that she was the only woman on the ranch, she was the only one who dressed to impress, and she was the only person without a full name. She didn’t belong and even if she had lived she never would.

Aircraft Trajectory Prediction

Literature Review Aircraft Trajectory Prediction By Cameron Sheridan I. Abstract The purpose of this review is to identify and analyse work that is currently being done on aircraft trajectory prediction (ATP); particularly the approach of modern day researchers to the problematic issue of the growingly clustered airspace. The benefits of this review include the exploration of several sub-topics of the literature.Through examining the current methods towards trajectory modelling validation and the techniques that are now employed to neutralise error sources, it was found that with the modern-day approaches an algorithm and its trajectory prediction (TP) can be assessed and consequently improved upon. A number of systems pertinent to conflict are discussed and results are presented which illustrate and compare the effectiveness of heading and altitudinal resolution manoeuvres.Additionally, a number of recent developments and innovations in the field pertinent to the technologies and te chniques used are discussed, thus illustrating a clear indication of research still moving forward in this field. II. Introduction An ATP is a ‘mapping of points over a time interval [a,b] to the space R? ’ (Tastambekova et al. 2010, p. 2). Although this is correct in many senses, this explanation fails to acknowledge the intricacy and designed purpose. More accurately, a TP module has the capacity to calculate the future flight path of an aircraft given that it has been supplied with the required data, i. . the flight intent, an aircraft performance model, and finally, an estimation of the future atmospheric/environmental conditions (Swierstra and Green 2004). An aircraft trajectory is a future path of an aircraft that can be represented visually in three forms: 2D, 3D and 4D (x, y, altitude and time) with 4D the more frequently used nowadays by air traffic control (ATC) and air traffic management (ATM) due to its far more realistic representation and ease of interpret ation (Vivona et al. 2010; Poretta et al. 010; Paglione and Oaks 2009). The significance of ATP is certainly appreciated. There is support for the importance of TP and the role it plays in advanced ATM operations, especially with a growingly clustered airspace in the next decade (Lee et al. 2010; Porretta et al. 2010 and Denery et al. 2011). The most crucial function of a TP however, as viewed by Lymperopoulos and Lygeros (2010), is to supply advice to ATC. Consequently, they can then make well-informed executive judgments to ensure the safety and effectiveness of our airspace.The purpose of this study is to inform what is happening in this field through examination of both the developments within ATP and the current problems facing researchers: namely, the significant increase in air-traffic by 2025. This will be done through exploring recent literature in this field that pertains to: conflict detection and resolution; the technologies and techniques involved; and, the error source s that are involved with a prediction and their subsequent effect on the uncertainty of a prediction. III. Modelling Validation and UncertaintiesEfficiency and accuracy are two central points of this literature, which alone could be considered as the determining factors of a respectable TP model; thus, sufficient research is required to improve both, without the sacrifice of one. How does one validate the performance of an algorithm and whether its TP is ‘accurate’? The common answer it seems (Anonymous 2010 and Paglione and Oaks 2007, pp. 2) is through the degree of conformity between the measured or predicted data and the true data of an aircraft at a given time. A. Uncertainties Figure 1: Paglione and Oaks (2009) Figure 1: Paglione and Oaks (2009)Uncertainties are perhaps the biggest hurdle in further advancements in this field. Obviously, as the prediction increases in time, the uncertainties of the flight begin to take effect – up to a point where the trajec tory becomes almost impossible to predict accurately with any degree of assurance. The consequential effect of uncertainties in a prediction may result in: two or more aircrafts losing separation; an aircraft not arriving to schedule; or even, the inability to detect flaws in either the ATP algorithm or the aircraft itself, to name a few. Therefore, there is a need to lessen the ffect of these lingering burdens. In reality this is quite difficult, and as such, requires particular attention of the algorithms used by an aircraft to validate its performance. B. Modelling Validation Performance validation verifies that a TP model performs correctly, and determines the degree of accuracy of a model’s representation compared to the real system (Vivona et al. 2010 and Garcia et al. 2009). There are further ways to validate predicted data; such methods include those shown by Paglione and Oaks (2007) who looked at the associated accuracy metrics; Poretta et al. 2008) who evaluated a 4 D TP model for civil aircraft; and finally, the Plan, Do, Study, Act (PDSA) evaluation process of a TP (see figure 1). This practice and its application have been shown by Paglione and Oaks (2009). Inspired by the relationship of trajectory predictors to higher level applications, the authors stressed the need for improving modelling procedures through an iterative process consisting of four stages. Fredrick et al. (2009) were able to analyse ways to validate a program with their test and evaluation process.Particular focus was on a metrics approach which offers measures on the performance of an aircraft. This method may provide greater effectiveness in programs and is proclaimed to play a â€Å"critical role as a continuum of supporting activities for the TP programs† [Fredrick et al. (2009), pp. 9]. Vivona et al. (2010) also proposed a new methodology in her work which is designed for a similar purpose. The techniques used are titled ‘white box testing’ and â⠂¬Ëœtest bench testing’.The former involves knowledge of the internal processes that occur within a TP model, and through this information there will be a sequence of tests which accumulate together to validate the entire TP. The latter test is slightly different in that, as opposed to analysing current state data, it requires entering input data into an algorithm’s interface and then assessing the data that was produced as a result. Both are expected to become more commonly used in the approaching years. C. Error Sources and Corrective MeasuresJackson (2010) reiterated the ineffectiveness and poor performance of automation systems in the company of errors and uncertainty sources. This suggests, and was considered equally by Paglione and Oaks (2009) and Vivona et al. (2010) that the performance of these systems is dependent on the accuracy of the TP. Consequently, the requirement to minimise all potential error sources has particular precedence in current research. Env ironmental factors (wind, temperature, air pressure, etc. ), along with human errors and algorithmic/system imperfections are the typical causes for the uncertainty in a prediction.Further error sources such as: the measurement of aircraft state; aircraft performance models; knowledge of aircraft guidance modes and control targets; atmospheric model; and, clearance issues are all predicted to be integral to the improvement of TP modelling accuracy in the near future (Jackson 2010). Alternatively, rather than striving for a flawless system, processes such as the offline smoothing algorithm (Paielli 2011); application of the rapid update cycle (RUC) of the weather (Lee et al. 010); and techniques that take the perspective of the DST user [Interval based sampling technique (IBST)] (Paglione and Oaks 2007) have been established to improve aspects of a prediction model. The first of these has the capacity to improve the accuracy of DR predictions through the smoothing of the radar tracks (shown below). Blue dots Way-points Black full-line Actual path of aircraft Red curve Smoothing of track Blue dots Way-points Black full-line Actual path of aircraft Red curve Smoothing of trackThis was demonstrated through application of the technique on past recorded operational error cases. The usage of RUC provides ATC with the benefit of detecting ‘regional variations of uncertainty that are related to actual weather phenomena’ (Lee et al. 2010, pp. 14). The concept behind IBST is that a trajectory provided to a controller may be old and thus filled with errors and uncertainties; so, this two-step process operates by determining the accuracy of the aircraft – through computing spatial errors – after passing through pre-determined waypoints (Paglione and Oaks 2007).Additionally, given the effect of environmental factors on a prediction, there are procedures present to counter the influence of the sources. Russell (2010) presented the ‘consolidat ed storm prediction for aviation’, which is a prediction on the water content of clouds done through a grid-based prediction which may forecast predictions anywhere up to 8 hours. Results showed that this system was effective up to 2 hours as the predicted data correlated well with the observed weather within a given sector; however, as expected, when the look-ahead time increased the accuracy and reliability steadily decreased.IV. Conflict Detection and Resolution A. Conflict Detection There has been a quantity of research on CDR within this literature, particularly over the last few years (Denery et al. 2011 Erzberger et al. 2009; Tang et al. 2008 and Paielli 2008). In order to overcome the problem of ensuring air safety, technology must exist which prevents a conflict from occurring. A conflict, in an aeronautic context, as described by Paglione and Oaks (2009) is a situation where two or more aircraft exceed the minimum separation distance standards, which can be deduced through a visual TP.The purpose of CDR systems is to alarm ATC well in advance of a predicted collision occurring to allow preventative measures (Erzberger et al. 2009). Paielli (2008) believes that the key challenge in the next decade will be to establish an automated system that is capable of ensuring that the collision probability remains low, even in the face of a number of possible hindrances: i. e. the predicted increase in air traffic in future decades; the (at times) complexity of the system; frequent false alarms; and, the capability of CDR tools to advise the most appropriate manoeuvre.Three of the most highly regarded and reviewed conflict systems amongst ATC (Tang et al. 2008; Paielli 2008; Paglione and Oaks 2009; and Erzberger et al. 2009) are Tactical Separation-Assisted Flight Environment (TSAFE), Conflict Probe (CP), Conflict Alert (CA), and User Request Evaluation Tool (URET). TSAFE has two primary functions 1) conformance monitoring – a process that determin es the degree to which an aircraft is meeting its earlier prediction; and 2) trajectory synthesis – the construction of the 4D path.URET was developed to help air traffic controllers by supporting a greater number of user-preferred flight profiles, and increasing both user flexibility and system capacity. ERAM is a Federal Aviation Administration system that has been designed primarily to deal with both route requests and in flight alterations swiftly. Figure 1: Poretta et al. (2010) Figure 1: Poretta et al. (2010) Paglione and Oaks (2009) highlighted the correlation between a TP’s accuracy and a decision supports tool’s (DST) performance. They assessed a number of statistical analysis models including TP metrics (i. . horizontal and vertical) and conflict probe metrics (Along-track; Cross-track; horizontal error; and, altitude). They focus on and use these accuracy metrics to establish a ratio value. Ratio= Horizontal or vertical separationMinimum allowed separ ation distance (i. e. parameter cut off value) As this ratio increases, the likelihood of producing false and missed conflict alerts increases– while the probability of producing valid alerts decreases. In Paglione and Oaks (2009) they identified the requirement for a ‘process improvement model’ – i. . Plan-Do-Study-Act (PDSA) – to evaluate and find possible enhancements on a studied TP system to reduce the ratio value. Investigations into false alerts and missed conflict detects have also been conducted recently by Denery et al. (2011) and Poretta et al. (2010). Processes Decisions Data that may be modified Data that may not be modified Algorithm execution flow ——- Data flow Processes Decisions Data that may be modified Data that may not be modified Algorithm execution flow ——- Data flowThe latter presented a CDR algorithm (figure 2) which shown by numerical results, is able to produce a conflict-free trajectory whilst a lso noting the aircrafts capabilities to perform all recommended resolution manoeuvres. Figure 2: Poretta et al. (2010) Figure 2: Poretta et al. (2010) Figure 3: Denery et al. (2011) Figure 3: Denery et al. (2011) Denery et al. (2011) highlighted consequent issues to the above problems – principally, the distraction of controllers and the need to constantly verify whether a concern exists or not.In reply, they proposed a new algorithm, flight-intent (FI) that takes into consideration the present status of the aircraft and all available intent data. Tests were performed with this system in comparison to two other conflict detection algorithms: dual trajectory algorithm (Dual) and dead reckoning (DR). Results (figure 3) illustrate that the FI algorithm yields considerably less false alert rates, especially when the algorithm – already incorporated with area navigation (RNAV) and a noise integrated routing system (NIR) – was paired with the integrated administratio n and control system (IAC).B. Conflict Resolution Additionally, Anonymous (2010) also noted that two of another CDR systems (conflict probe) faults – including conflict alerts – are that the technology is at times inefficient and will occasionally produce false alerts (or conversely, the lack thereof alerts). The CP’s performance is also compared to URET in tests performed by Santiago et al. (2010). Deductions that were made from this report included the possible benefits of increasing both the look-ahead time of a prediction to 25min, and the minimum horizontal parameters. Further investigation (Paielli 2008; Paielli et al. 009; and Denery et al. 2011) with TSAFE has been ongoing with the aim to develop an algorithm to perform at least as effectively as URET. Ryan et al. (2008) also looked at achieving this goal. They analysed and compared an emerging conflict resolution algorithm, ERAM, against URET in a quantity of tests and comparisons that were designed to evaluate the precision of the technology. ERAM’s accuracy and strategic conflict notification capabilities were belittled in comparison to the URET system, where ERAM only managed to obtain the minimum standard in two of the seven test categories.TSAFE is often used as a back-up strategic system that computes simple resolution manoeuvres to resolve potential conflicts that are expected to occur within two minutes (Denery et al. , 2011; Paielli et al. 2009; Alonso-Ayuso et al. 2011). TSAFE and its application during en route is the primary focus of Paielli (2011). Examined in his work was the heading-trials algorithm that he developed. This system produces a number of possible manoeuvre resolutions that change the heading of the involved aircraft in  ±10? increments up to  ±90? f the original direction of travel. The best of these manoeuvres – in terms of cost and applicability – is then measured against the best altitude manoeuvre by means of a separation ra tio (see pp. 4). His experimentation was on 100 past operational error cases where a conflict had occurred. His results (shown on table 1) illustrate the effectiveness of each manoeuvre in each particular situation. Consequently, he was able to deduce that altitudinal amendments were far more advantageous than his proposed heading algorithm. For e. g. the right most column indicates that when the separation ratio was ? 1. 2, 95% of the altitudinal amendments resulted in a successful avoidance of conflict, whilst the heading algorithm only resolved a comparably low 62% For e. g. the right most column indicates that when the separation ratio was ? 1. 2, 95% of the altitudinal amendments resulted in a successful avoidance of conflict, whilst the heading algorithm only resolved a comparably low 62% Separation ratio (? ) %| | 0. 2| 0. 4| 0. 6| 0. | 1. 0| 1. 2| No resolution| 98| 92| 74| 25| 0| 0| Heading only| 99| 95| 91| 77| 71| 62| Altitude only| 100| 100| 100| 100| 99| 95| Heading + a ltitude| 100| 100| 100| 100| 100| 98| Table 1: Paielli (2011) Table 1: Paielli (2011) Similarly, Paielli (2008) performed a comparable experiment with a restricted focus on altitude manoeuvres. His results further validated the success of such resolution procedures, particularly when augmented altitude amendments were supplemented to the input data (see table 2).The purpose of adding these amendments in his experiment was to compensate for the controllers negligence or inability to do so at the time of the conflict occurring. Note: Other tests and procedures that were tested in (Paeilli 2008) are not shown, i. e. altitude rejections; temporary altitudes; step altitudes; and, critical level-offs. Note: Other tests and procedures that were tested in (Paeilli 2008) are not shown, i. e. altitude rejections; temporary altitudes; step altitudes; and, critical level-offs. | Separation ratio (? ) %| | 0. | 0. 4| 0. 6| 0. 8| 1. 0| 1. 2| No resolution| 99| 94| 75| 29| 0| 0| Augmented altitude amendments| 100| 99| 99| 97| 94| 90| Table 2: Paeilli (2008) Table 2: Paeilli (2008) Note was made in both reports that operational error cases are by no means a precise representation of the computer-generated routine operation that occurred. Given the importance of conflict detection and resolution it is important that ample research continues in this field to ensure the safety and welfare of all air traffic. V. Techniques and Technologies A. TechnologiesCDR could not be possible if there wasn’t the appropriate equipment present today to compute the complex algorithms that are used. A 4D TP is established upon no easy means. Cate et al. (2008) articulate that it not only requires (at times) convoluted formulas, but also the technology and methodologies to then dissect and string together the state and intent data of the aircraft. The techniques and technologies currently utilised are crucial in this field. Already discussed above are a number of systems which are integral to the concept of trajectory prediction as they all serve a specific purpose.This is exemplified when looking at the conflict detection and resolution component of this literature, where there are often four stages to the process: 1) Traffic collision avoidance system (TCAS) which focuses on the immediate future (

Answer to Common Hot Ice Questions

Answer to Common Hot Ice Questions Several of you have written in asking for help with your homemade hot ice or sodium acetate. Here are the answers to the most common hot ice questions as well as advice on how to fix the usual problems making hot ice. What Is hot ice? Hot ice is a common name for sodium acetate trihydrate. How Do I Make Hot Ice? You can make hot ice yourself from baking soda and clear vinegar. Ive got written instructions and a video tutorial to show you how to do it. In the lab, you could make hot ice from sodium bicarbonate and weak acetic acid (1 L 6% acetic acid, 84 grams sodium bicarbonate) or from acetic acid and sodium hydroxide (dangerous! 60 ml water, 60 ml glacial acetic acid, 40 g sodium hydroxide). The mixture is boiled down and prepared the same as the homemade version. You can also buy sodium acetate (or sodium acetate anhydrous) and sodium acetate trihydrate. Sodium acetate trihydrate can be melted and used as-is. Convert sodium acetate anhydrous to sodium acetate trihydrate by dissolving it in water and cooking it down to remove the excess water. Can I Substitute Baking Powder for the Baking Soda? No. Baking powder contains other chemicals which would act as impurities in this procedure and prevent the hot ice from working. Can I Use Another Type of Vinegar? No. There are impurities in other types of vinegar which would prevent the hot ice from crystallizing. You could use dilute acetic acid instead of vinegar. I Cant Get the Hot Ice to Solidify. What Can I Do? You dont have to start from scratch! Take your failed hot ice solution (wont solidify or else is mushy) and add some vinegar to it. Heat the hot ice solution until the crystal skin forms, immediately remove it from heat, cool it at least down to room temperature, and initiate crystallization by adding a small quantity of the crystals that formed on the side of your pan (sodium acetate anhydrous). Another way to initiate crystallization is to add a small amount of baking soda, but if you do that you will contaminate your hot ice with sodium bicarbonate. Its still a handy way to cause crystallization if you dont have any sodium acetate crystals handy, plus you can remedy the contamination by adding a small volume of vinegar afterward. Can I Re-Use the Hot Ice? Yes, you can re-use hot ice. You can melt it on the stove to use it again or you can microwave the hot ice. Can I Eat Hot Ice? Technically you can, but I wouldnt recommend it. It is not toxic, but it is not edible. You Show Glass and Metal Containers. Can I Use Plastic? Yes, you can. I used metal and glass because I melted the hot ice on the stove. You could melt the hot ice in a microwave using a plastic container. Are Containers Used to Make Hot Ice Safe to Use for Food? Yes. Wash the containers and they will be perfectly safe to use for food. My Hot Ice Is Yellow or Brown. How Do I Get Clear/White Hot Ice? Yellow or brown hot ice works... it just doesnt look that much like ice. The discoloration has two causes. One is overheating your hot ice solution. You can prevent this type of discoloration by lowering the temperature when you heated the hot ice to remove the excess water. The other cause of discoloration is the presence of impurities. Improving the quality of your baking soda (sodium bicarbonate) and acetic acid (from the vinegar) will help prevent discoloration. I made my hot ice using the least expensive baking soda and vinegar I could buy and managed to get white hot ice, but only after I lowered my heating temperature, so its possible to get decent purity with kitchen ingredients.

Corruption of the American Dream essays

Corruption of the American Dream essays Some say that Gatsby portrays the corruption of the American Dream. In the eyes of most, the American Dream is basically to work hard, make money, and enjoy life. In a manner, Gatsby is connected to the American Dream by remaining dedicated to his dream and working hard to get all of his treasures including his mansion and luxury car. Everyone in the world will admit to giving up on one of their dream during their lifetime. However, Gatsby stays committed to the very end which stresses his dedication to his goal, Daisy, and the American Dream. Go to Atlantic City for a week, or up to Montreal. He wouldnt consider it. He couldnt possibly leave Daisy until he knew what she was going to do. He was clutching at some last hope and I couldnt bear to shake him free (Fitzgerald 155). However, Gatsbys dedication to Daisy and his goal corrupts his perception and ultimately leads to his death. Gatsby raises Daisy to a point so high that she can almost be thought of as a golden girl. An example of this golden girl aspect occurred at the Buchanan household after the accident. He put his hands in his coat pockets and turned back eagerly to his scrutiny of the house, as though my presence marred the sacredness of the vigil. Gatsby even believes he will be corrupted after he kissed Daisy at the Buchanan household. He thinks to himself right before he kisses her and knows that as soon as he does he will be in love and corrupted by her. By giving Daisy such a high rank as the golden girl, Gatsby is blinded by her good looks and foolish behavior. He cant realize that Daisy is unintentionally setting him up for a big fall. Therefore, it is a good thing to dream, but it is how you go about pursuing that dream. ...

Nursing home administration Assignment Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1500 words

Nursing home administration - Assignment Example He is normally the key advisor to the senior most leaders like the chairperson and the vice-chair person of a nursing home. His general responsibilities include the provision of the managerial as well as the business administrative affairs of a nursing home. He also helps to budget, providing expertise in the medical fields related to finance, providing strategic plans, collection of the revenue as well as expense controlling, heading the human resource department, program developments, research grant administration, space maintenance, managing information systems as well as the contract agreements with the stakeholders of the nursing home. He also provides leadership to the nursing home in the event that the chair and the vice of the nursing home are not available to discharge their administrative functions to the nursing. Medical director This is a person who helps to provide a medical perspective expertise in the medical field of the therapeutic applications as well as the renal p roducts applications. He plays a key role in the provision of the reviewing as well as the oversight services in the clinical matters regarding the new product development of the nursing home (Polifko-Harris, 2004). ... Moreover, he also functions to provide the consultancy services to a nursing home in order to help in the engineering of the functions that help to support the label changes of a nursing home, provision of the pharmaceutical vigilance services, the nursing home risk assessment as well as the evaluation of the nursing home product complaints (Booyens, 2004). Director of nursing This is a person is involved in the supervision of all the nursing personnel at a nursing home as well as establishing the necessary required nursing standards in a nursing home and how they can be maintained for a long time. He also provides the responsibility and accountability services required for nursing services. In addition, he advices the CEO, the HR, COO, the clinical managers as well as the medical staff in relation to the medical nursing services. Additionally he consults with the medical director in regard to the clinical issues that might emerge from a nursing home. Additionally, a director of nurs ing is responsible for the completion of the special medical assignments in a nursing home as assigned by the medical director as well as the implementation of the medical reports. Moreover, the director of nursing participates in the interviewing process of the medical staff. Furthermore, he participates in the planning, the implementation, as well as the evaluation of the nursing home programs and services. However, there are occurrences of some health cases in a nursing home that might end up causing the roles of each of the above officers to overlap. Such a scenario is so despicable to speak since the officers might end up engaging themselves in supremacy battles at the nursing home; causing many conflicts in the

The Analysis of the Recent Microsoft's Acquisition of Skype Research Paper

The Analysis of the Recent Microsoft's Acquisition of Skype - Research Paper Example Acquisition is also used as a strategic tool for entering a foreign market, when other methods for achieving the specific target are not available (Coffey et al. 2001, p.52). In the above context, acquisition can highly enhance the organizational performance, under the terms that all its phases are carefully monitored; the readiness of the buyer to acquire an organization, with all the consequences of such initiative, needs to be evaluated in advance. The level of success of acquisition, as described above, is high and it is for this reason that managers of organizations worldwide prefer the specific strategy. In any case, the use of acquisition for covering various organizational needs to meet specific requirements: if the cost of the process is estimated to be significantly higher from the expected benefits, then another strategy of this type would be preferred (Frankel 2005). Moreover, if the acquired firm is of different culture/ industry, then time would be required for aligning the aims of the two organizations. Under certain terms, the acquired company cannot support the activities of the new owner – probably because the cultural or operational differences between the two firms are so high that acquisition would not benefit the company that initiated the above process. In accordance with Darby (2006) the successful completion of an acquisition process requires that accurate information are exchanged between the buyer and the seller in order for the assets of the acquired company to be effectively managed. Moreover, Coffey et al. (2001) note that every acquisition plan need to be carefully in advance regarding its costs; it is explained that if not all costs are estimated with accuracy - reference is made to the ‘purchase costs, administrative costs and integration costs’ (Coffey et al. 2001, p.52) – then the process is likely to fail, in the short or the long term. From a similar point of view, Rock et al. (1994) noted that the key target of an acquisition should be ‘the creation of a strategic advantage’ (Rock et al. 1994, p.5), meaning that the specific process would help the firm to improve its position towards its competitors. Particular emphasis is also given on the successful integration of the acquired company within the business entity of the buyer (Rock et al. 1994, p.5). The decision of Microsoft to acquire Skype would be evaluated by referring to the issues discussed above. Microsoft is a firm well established in the global market; in fact the organization is considered as one of the key competitors in the software industry – along with Apple (Yahoo Finance, 2011). The tools that Microsoft had already developed in regard to the direct – online communication, such as the Live Messenger and Xbox & Kinect, have performed quite well in the global market. However, still the firm did not have the control of the market, regarding products of such characteristics. Apple with a series of products/ software of advanced technology, such as iPhone and iMessage, had managed to get an important share of the market (Yahoo Finance 2011, Huo 2011). In the above context, the acquisition of Skype would offer to Microsoft a key strategic advantage towards its competitors – especially Apple; such perspective is among the main causes of acquisition as a business strategy, as explained above (Microsoft News Center 2011). At the next level, Microsoft is a firm quite powerful, in terms of funds available for the

Ancient egyptian music Research Paper Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1500 words

Ancient egyptian music - Research Paper Example Music in ancient Egypt was known for thousands of years and evidence for its existence has been found in the pre-dynastic period. It is mainly because of the massive influence of this art that if came to be found in many aspects of Egyptian life ranging from the palaces of the royal family and nobility, to the workshops of artisans and all the way to the tombs of the wealthy. It is a fact that music was a basic part of the religious services of this ancient state and it was associated with a number of gods to whom it was dedicated. Music was used by the priests to set the mood for the people to worship the gods and the fact that these gods were worshiped using music meant that the temple musicians held an esteemed place in the society. The ability of the priests to make use of music in religious ceremonies ensured that the music of worship was completely improved by the temple musicians so that it was not only used for religious purposes, but temple music also developed into an art f orm. Such gods as Hathor and Bes tended to be associated with music and this was despite the fact that they were also associated with childbirth, fertility, and dance and this made them extremely important to musicians. All of the major known classifications of musical instruments were well represented in ancient Egypt and these were used in diverse occasions, depending on the event as well as the people who used them. Among the percussion instruments that were used by the ancient Egyptians included hand-held drums, rattles, castanets, bells, and the sistrum (Lawergren 101). The last was a very significant rattle that was used in religious worship and it is because of this that in most cases, the sistrum was found in the possession of temple musicians (Krogh and Brooke 167). It is for this reason that the sistrum was mostly represented as being in the possession of temple musicians in the illustrations that

Education for Rizal... Education for me... Essay Example for Free

Education for Rizal Education for me Essay Every now and then my parents keep on telling me that my education should be in the number one slot in my list of priorities. They keep on telling me that I should put a great deal on finishing my studies. They say (like every parents say), it is the only thing they could leave to us when they pass away. So, without thinking about it thoroughly, this idea was instilled in my mind right away. But now that we were asked to write our idea about education and relate it with Rizals, this may serve as an opportunity for me to assess and reinforce this thought. As what the books say, the importance of education is quite clear. Education is the knowledge of putting ones potentials to maximum use. One can safely say that a human being is not in the proper sense till he is educated. The training of a human mind is not complete without education. Education makes man a right thinker. It tells man how to think and how to make decision. Only through the attainment of education, man is enabled to receive information from the external world; to acquaint himself with past history and receive all necessary information regarding the present. Without education, man is as though in a closed room and with education he finds himself in a room with all its windows open towards outside world. The thought that education is indeed very critical for a nation to be at its best is not new to us. Right? Even our national hero has a say on this. In his works and writings, his educational philosophy is the most emphasized. Philosophy may be defined as the study and pursuit of facts which deal with the ultimate reality or causes of things as they affect life. Rizals concept of the importance of education is clearly enunciated in his work entitled Instruction wherein he sought improvements in the schools and in the methods of teaching. He maintained that the backwardness of his country during the Spanish era was not due to the Filipinos indifference, apathy or indolence as claimed by the rulers, but to the neglect of the Spanish authorities in the islands. For Rizal, the mission of education is to elevate the country to the highest seat of glory and to develop the peoples mentality. Since education is the foundation of society and a prerequisite for social progress, Rizal claimed that only through education could the country be saved from domination. Rizals philosophy of education, therefore, centers on the provision of proper motivation in order to strengthen the great social forces that make education a success, to create in the youth an innate desire to cultivate his intelligence and give him life eternal. Another thing, Rizal also sees education as the basis for his idea of an ideal Filipino. We can even observe in all his works and writings education plays a very important role. His characters are greatly shaped by education. For instance, in his Noli Me Tangere, the character of Crisostomo Ibarra, the elements of knowledge and education is clearly depicted. This is the reason why it is said that Ibarra is the character representation of Jose Rizal. He used education as a means towards attaining his aim of Philippine independence. Upon searching for our report in PI which is the Second Wave of Rizals Travels, I came across his letter to the women of Malolos. This letter is a way of extending his admiration to the said women. This also make my previous statements true, Rizal really puts much value on education. In this letter of his, Rizal pleads to the mothers for them to teach their children to love our mother nation and to fight for our liberty. Through this end also, our children will be able to acquire their worthy education. The thoughts of Rizal on education and how he used it as weapon for attaining Philippines independence made me realize its true meaning and importance. I remember, when I was still young, education for me is being able to go to school, nothing more. But it is a whole heap more. Education is a word with too many dimensions, too many to mention. Education plays an important role in the progress of an individuals mind and country. Ignorance and poverty are major speed-breakers in the swift developing country and can be overcome easily through education. You cant really call yourself educated if you can read and write or get flat 1s in every subject. A person who is educated has a certain atmosphere around him, of dignity and wisdom. If you are educated, you dont need to abide by the facts that the book recites, or follow Aristotles philosophy. Like Jose Rizal, an educated person builds on the facts the book says and has his own philosophy. If you are educated, you cant have a wrong philosophy. Education is everything. People are made aware of what is going on in the wide world and can understand these issues and take necessary measures. The quality of human resource of a nation is easily judged by the number of literate population living in it. This is to say that education is a must if a nation aspires to achieve growth and development and more importantly sustain it. This may well explain the fact that rich and developed nations of the world have very high literacy rate and productive human resource. In fact these nations have started imparting selective training and education programs so as to meet the new technical and business demands of the 21st century. The importance of education cannot be neglected by any nation. And in todays world, the role of education has become even more vital. It is an absolute necessity for economic and social development of any nation. Source:Life, Ideas, and Works or Rizal by Zalde.